Epilepsy Essays (857 words) - Seizure Types, Epilepsy,

Epilepsy Epilepsy - The Silent Stalker By Steven Voskanian What is Epilepsy? Epilepsy, additionally called seizure issue, incessant cerebrum issue that quickly intrudes on the ordinary electrical action of the mind to cause seizures, portrayed by an assortment of side effects including uncontrolled developments of the body, bewilderment or disarray, abrupt dread, or loss of cognizance. Epilepsy may result from a head injury, stroke, cerebrum tumor, lead harming, hereditary conditions, or serious diseases like meningitis or encephalitis. In more than 70 percent of cases no reason for epilepsy were recognized. Around 1 percent of the total populace, or more than 2 million individuals, are determined to have epilepsy. How this stunning and nefarious issue is identified. In people experiencing epilepsy, the cerebrum waves, electrical action in the piece of the mind called the cerebral cortex, have a naturally strange musicality delivered by unreasonable electrical releases in the nerve cells. Since these wave designs vary notably as per their particular source, a chronicle of the mind waves, known as an electroencephalogram (EEG) is significant in the analysis and investigation of the turmoil. Analysis additionally requires an exhaustive clinical history depicting seizure attributes and recurrence. Sorts of Seizures How serious do they get? Epileptic seizures shift in force and side effects relying upon what some portion of the mind is included. In fractional seizures, the most widely recognized type of seizure in grown-ups, just a single region of the mind is included. Fractional seizures are delegated straightforward incomplete, complex halfway, and nonappearance (or petit mal) seizures. Individuals who have basic halfway seizures may encounter unordinary sensations, for example, wild jerky movements of a body part, sight or hearing debilitation, unexpected perspiring or flushing, queasiness, and sentiments of dread. Complex fractional seizures, additionally called fleeting projection epilepsy, keep going for just a couple of minutes. The individual may have all the earmarks of being in a stupor and moves haphazardly with no influence over body developments. The person's movement doesn't stop during the seizure, however conduct is arbitrary and absolutely disconnected to the person's environmental factors. This type of seizure might be gone before by a quality (an admonition sensation portrayed by sentiments of dread, stomach distress, wooziness, or abnormal scents and sensations). Nonappearance seizures, uncommon in grown-ups, are described by an abrupt, flashing misfortune or disability of awareness. Unmistakable side effects are frequently as slight as an upward gazing of the eyes, a stunning walk, or a jerking of the facial muscles. No atmosphere happens and the individual regularly continues action without understanding that the seizure has happened. In a second sort of epilepsy, known as summed up seizure, tonic clonic, great mal, or spasm, the entire mind is included. This kind of seizure is regularly described by an automatic shout, brought about by constriction of the muscles that control relaxing. As loss of cognizance sets in, the whole body is held by a yanking strong constriction. The face blushes, breathing stops, and the back curves. At that point, interchange compressions and relaxations of the muscles toss the body into at times vicious tumult with the end goal that the individual might be dependent upon genuine injury. After the seizure dies down, the individual is depleted and may rest intensely. Disarray, sickness, and sore muscles are regularly experienced, and the individual may have no memory of the seizure. Assaults happen at different spans, in certain individuals as sometimes as once per year and in others as often as a few times each day. Around 8 percent of those subject to summed up seizures may have statu s epilepticus, in which seizures happen progressively with no interceding times of awareness. These assaults might be deadly except if rewarded instantly with the medication diazepam. Treatment for an Incurable Disorder There is no remedy for epilepsy yet indications of the confusion might be treated with medications, medical procedure, or a unique eating routine. Medication treatment is the most widely recognized treatmentseizures can be forestalled or their recurrence decreased in 80 to 85 percent of cases by drugs known as anticonvulsants or antiepileptics. Medical procedure is utilized when tranquilize medicines fizzle and the cerebrum tissue causing the seizures is bound to one zone and can securely be evacuated. An exceptional high-fat eating routine known as a ketogenic diet creates a concoction condition in the body considered ketosis that forestalls seizures in small kids. Like any ailment, epilepsy is affected by general wellbeing. Ordinary exercise, a lot of rest, and

Cognitive Perspectives Learning Rutledge -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Cognitive Perspectives Learning Rutledge? Answer: Presentation Friend learning demonstrates understudies instructing or gaining from other individual understudies. Friend learning is anything but another idea in training it includes an expansive scope of exercises. bookkeeping to the specialists of University of Ulster there are ten models of friend learning, with the most seasoned one being the Proctor Model in which the lesser understudies are educated by the senior understudies. The inventive current type of distributed learning incorporate creative taking in cells where understudies from same year structure gatherings to concentrate together and furthermore share individual issues. Different models of companion learning incorporate conversation gatherings, self improvement gatherings, private examination, courses, peer evaluation, tutoring at work environment, and different network administrations. This report is going to concentrate on the way that how shared learning can make the understudies autonomous students. The accompanying passages will discuss shared learning and how it can profit the understudies and the courses through it will make the understudies free. Friend learning Then and Now Friend learning isn't at all another idea, since the commencement peer winning has been supported, it very well may be found in Aristotles thought of Archons or the understudy heads and in the letters of Seneca the Younger (Brown 2015). The hypothesis was first sorted out by Andrew Bell, who was a Scotsman in the year 1795 and later this composed hypothesis was actualized in the French and English schools. Over some undefined time frame peer learning techniques has gotten famous and the instructive foundations has looked into discovering better and increasingly proficient strategies for educating (Boud, Cohen and Sampson 2014). Friend learning is not the same as companion guidance, which is a generally late idea, while peer educating or learning implies that one understudy will encourage another understudy or the two of them will learn together by sharing their individual information. As indicated by Goodlad and Hurst there are a few companion learning strategies at school level. In presumed colleges, proxy instructing is a typical technique for peer learning, in this strategy the more established experienced understudies show the more youthful understudies or take duties to coach a portion of the students. Understudies who are ahead in concentrates than their clump mates or have as of late have done very well in their scholarly front they take an interest in balanced mentoring programs or delegating programs (Chiu and Hew 2017). In agreeable learning technique, cohorts partition themselves into little gatherings and everybody in every one of the gatherings assume liability to show others, every one of the individuals contribute something special in the gathering. There is another kind of friend learning in which is increasingly explicit in nature as far as co-usable learning; in this procedure, the whole class is isolated into sets where them two guide each other it is called Reciprocal companion mentoring (Kulkarni et al. 2015). As per examine, peer learning energize soul of group building and understudies figure out how to get strong; improves mental wellbeing, expands social aptitudes, relational abilities and self-assurance; and guarantees higher odds of accomplishment and upgrades profitability through cutting edge learning results. Companion learning gets propelled when set as a crucial bit of an informative activities, giving careful idea to impact a decent making sense of how to condition. Understudies must edge shared regard for and trust and trust in one another, with the target that they don't vacillate to communicate notions, test examinations, and request, or offer assistance when it is required (Kupczynski et al. 2014). Partner learning can be additionally upgraded if nature of shared assistance proceeds after some time and past the study hall. Thusly, understudies are freely and in general accountable for smoothing out their own specific learning and accomplishments. Advantages of Peer Learning There are a few advantages of companion learning, they are as per the following: Singular learning is a significant piece of picking up information it improves fearlessness and advances singular manner of thinking (Richards 2015). Companion learning helps in singular learning, accordingly in a way peer learning prompts sharpening of individual aptitudes. The understudies need to collaborate with each other to partake in peer learning, this guarantees picking up information in a functioning manner (Lundberg 2014). Understudies show singular drive to learn new things, it very well may be said that friend learning techniques the executives dynamic learning. Shared learning prompts better type of collaboration between the understudies, this improves relational abilities and this demonstrate helpful for the understudies in their individual future. The guides who partake in peer learning exercises additionally simultaneously update the things that they have learned while showing the others, it gets valuable to both the mentor and the understudy. The greater part of the occasions the understudies feel awkward to move toward the educators or their particular instructors to pose any inquiries or to clear any questions yet this doesn't occur in peer learning (Taylor 2017). On account of gaining from their friends the understudies don't hesitate to speak with them, accordingly there are no holes left in their insight. As the understudies and the friends have a similar attitude and comparable degree of seeing consequently it become simpler for them to convey and comprehend the information procedure. While giving the previously mentioned benefits peer adapting likewise gives budgetary preferred position (Mastropieri and Scruggs 2017). The foundations doesn't require employing more staffs, rather the understudies can go about as educators to their individual cluster mates or the youngsters. In helpful companion learning and gathering learning the understudies can clear their questions with their friend guides so the instructors get more opportunity to proceed onward to the following sections or exercises. Inconveniences of Peer Learning There are sure inconveniences of friend learning also: As the understudies work with their companions or individuals of same age they may not give that much significance and can disregard the errands or exercises. There can be holes in learning as the mentors are themselves understudies and they don't have that much involvement with educating or much information about the exercises. Companion learning doesn't advance sound connections among understudies and instructors, if the understudies can examine all alone and gain proficiency with their exercises, this training doesn't advance legitimate taking in with sufficient assistance from the educators (O'Donnell and King 2014). The understudies can get presumptuous, as they are learning all alone with no assistance from the educators they may begin to accept that they know it all and they needn't bother with any assistance from the accomplished instructors and teachers. Inside the understudy gatherings, the people who go about as friend coaches may assume responsibility up to a more noteworthy level and in this way the others probably won't get any opportunity to do anything or contribute in the exercises of the gathering. Manners by which Peer to Peer Learning advance Student Independence Friend learning causes the understudies to speak with each other and find out about their own errors and comprehend their own quality and shortcomings. Through companion evaluation the understudies will realize whether their objectives, points and techniques are on right or not, from the friend mentors the understudies can take free choice about which way to follow Posing inquiries is essential to increase total information about something, in a class an understudy may feel modest or feel unbalanced to pose any inquiry straightforwardly to the instructor (Reid, Chau and Thalluri 2016). If there should arise an occurrence of companion learning the understudies won't feel bashful to pose inquiries and they will don't hesitate to pose inquiries to their coaches who can be their companions or seniors and consequently they won't stay relied upon their teachers to address their inquiries. Companion learning will assist the understudies with dealing with their issues all alone, to break down their own circumstance and to discover an answer with the assistance of their companions (Reinholz 2016). This will likewise help them in their future to comprehend and pass judgment on their own concern and to understand them all alone. In this manner peer learning causes an individual to figure out how to be free in their future also. While learning with their companions the understudies plan everything all alone, the exercise designs, the approaches to execute, everything are chosen by the understudies freely. The understudies additionally screen their own scholastic advancement. In peer learning the understudies screen their own scholarly advancement and they can improve likewise all alone. They become the appointed authority of their own work and they don't rely upon others. End To close it very well may be said that companion learning is significant for the understudies to figure out how to function with each other develop their relational abilities and to figure out how to fill in as an autonomous person. Friend learning causes one to learn with the assistance of their individual mates through trade of information and conversations. Figuring out how to be an autonomous individual is the most basic piece of growing up in this way peer learning ought to be urged so as to make an individual a total individual totally equipped for settling on their own decision and gain from others, pick their own fantasies and one who realizes how to accomplish those objectives. Reference List Boud, D., Cohen, R. what's more, Sampson, J. eds., 2014.Peer learning in advanced education: Learning from and with one another. Routledge. Earthy colored, G., 2015, October. Self and companion evaluation. InAssessment Grading Seminar Series. Chiu, K.F. what's more, Hew, K.F.T., 2017. Offbeat online conversation gathering in MOOCs: Does working issue for peer learning and performance?.Australasian Journal of Educational Technology. Kulkarni, C., Wei, K.P., Le, H., Chia, D., Papadopoulos, K., Cheng, J., Koller, D. what's more, Klemmer, S.R., 2015. Companion and self evaluation in huge online classes. InDesign thinking research(pp. 131-168). Springer, Cham. Kupczynski

Blog Archive Northwestern University (Kellogg) Essay Analysis, 20132014

Blog Archive Northwestern University (Kellogg) Essay Analysis, 2013â€"2014 The Kellogg School of Management recently announced that it is adding a video interview component to its application process so that the admissions committee can get a feel for candidates’ “spontaneous” side. Although your essays may not be truly spontaneous, they should allow you to showcase the best of yourself in a compelling manner. Kellogg sticks with a traditional format for its application essays: two questions that require you to discuss your past experiences and one that is a classic personal statement/goal statement prompt. Our analysis follows… Essay 1: What’s the greatest obstacle you’ve overcome (personally or professionally)? How has overcoming this obstacle prepared you to achieve success now and in the future? (350 word limit) In any discussion of a situation in which you overcame something, you need to lay a foundation for your central anecdote by showing that you had significant momentum toward an important goal before encountering a very  real obstacle. For your essay to be effective, you cannot simply take any story of accomplishment and embellish a trivial moment of the process leading up to it as though that moment had constituted a real challenge or hindrance. For example, saying, “I thought I had alienated my boss, but I actually hadn’t, and then I earned a promotion” just will not work. You must create a clear narrative in which you are striving toward an ambitious goal and everything seems to indicate that you will achieve itâ€"and then you encounter an obstacle that truly derails your plans. Ideally, the reader following your narrative would be surprised and disappointed by this turn of events, which means that the hurdle you face cannot be a mere triviality. Next you must explain the actions you took to “right the ship.” Although the task may seem daunting at first, with a clearly presented narrative, you can indeed achieve all of this in 250â€"275 words. Finally, you need to discuss what you learned from the experienceâ€"what was your takeaway? Avoid clichéd discussions about “resilience.” In what practical way have you been able to subsequently apply what you learned or expect to be able to do so in the future? One important note: do not be afraid to reveal a weakness or error on your part. Although this is not a “failure” essay that basically requires you to admit that you erred, if your actions led to the creation of the obstacle or you failed to see the obstacle right before you, then you should not shy away from an honest discussion of your responsibility. If the schools were delusional enough to believe that you are perfect and have never made a mistake, they would not ask questions like this! Essay 2: What have been your most significant leadership experiences? What challenges did you face, and what impact did you have? This is your opportunity to explain how you Think Bravely. (500 word limit) This essay prompt offers you a great opportunity to discuss the best of your experiencesâ€"when you have had a real impact. However, before you start writing about how you took charge and led your team to victory, keep in mind that leadership is not one-dimensional. Some people lead through motivational speeches and strength of personality, while others lead by example or through creative ideas and problem solving. Meanwhile, still others lead by engaging those around them and harnessing the best of a team. Our point is that you should consider all of your leadership accomplishments carefully and not sink into cliché, so that you truly showcase your best side. Note that this essay prompt uses the word “experiences”â€"plural. Therefore, be prepared to discuss more than just one significant event in the 500 words allotted. Optimally, you would present two (or more) distinct experiences from two (or more) different areas of your life, but two experiences from within the same environment can also be okayâ€"what is key is showing that you have a variety of skills in the area of leadership. The setting is less important than your role/actions. For example, if you discuss leading a team to a new product launch (directing creative thought and its implementation) and mentoring an individual who moved from being a low performer to a high performer (maximizing talent and boosting morale), you would effectively be presenting two different skills Once you decide which stories you want to share, do not just tell the reader that you were a great leader. The narratives you offer should naturally reveal that you were an effective leader. Any story worth telling will involve challengesâ€"after all, if the path to victory in the situation you describe was an easy one, did you really have any impact? The “think bravely” element of this question is important. You certainly do not need to have saved lives to be considered brave, but your anecdotes should reveal that you either took a risk in your leadership position or turned some conventional thinking on its head. Essentially, the school is not asking you to simply show that you have classic leadership experience, having successfully carried your team to victory, but instead wants to know that you paused and gave your rather clever plan of action real considerationâ€"and that this is what inevitably lead to that victory. Essay 3: Part 1: What career/role are you looking to pursue and why? (250 word limit) Part 2: Why are Kellogg and the MBA essential to achieving these career goals? (250 word limit)(Please answer Part 2 in terms of your program choice: One-Year, Two-Year, MMM, JD-MBA). Because personal statements are similar from one application to the next, we have produced the  mbaMission Personal Statement Guide, which helps applicants write this style of essay for any school. We offer this guide to candidates free of charge.  Please feel free to download your copy today. For a thorough  exploration of Kellogg’s academic program, merits, defining characteristics,  important statistics, social life, academic environment and more,  please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guide to the Kellogg School of Management. Reapplicants Only: Since your previous application, what steps have you taken to strengthen your candidacy? (400 word limit) Please note: re-applicants are required to answer this question in addition to #1-3. Whether you have improved your academic record, received a promotion, begun a new and exciting project, increased your community involvement or taken on some sort of personal challenge, the key to success with this essay is conveying a very deliberate path of achievement. Kellogg wants to know that you have been actively striving to improve yourself and your profile, and that you have seized opportunities during the previous year to do so, because a Kellogg MBA is vital to you. The responses to this essay question will vary greatly from one candidate to the next, because each person’s needs and experiences differ. We are more than happy to provide one-on-one assistance with this highly personal essay to ensure that your efforts over the past year are presented in the best light possible. Additional Information (Optional): If needed,  briefly describe any extenuating circumstances (e.g. unexplained gaps in work experience, choice of recommenders, inconsistent or questionable academic performance, etc.) (No word limit) However tempted you might be, this is not the place to paste in a strong essay from another school or to offer a few anecdotes that you were unable to use in any of your other essays. Instead, this is your opportunityâ€"if neededâ€"to address any lingering questions that an admissions officer might have about your candidacy, such as a poor grade or overall GPA, a low GMAT score, a gap in your work experience, etc. In our  mbaMission Optional Statement Guide, available through our online store, we offer detailed advice on when and how to take advantage of the optional essay (including multiple sample essays) to help you mitigate any problem areas in your profile. Share ThisTweet 2013-2014 MBA Essay Analysis Northwestern University (Kellogg)

John P. Harris And Harry Davis - 1577 Words

Many Audiences have flooded movie theaters since the early 1900s. In 1905, John P. Harris and Harry Davis opened the first movie theater in Pittsburgh. By the 1930s individuals, political groups, and ideologies began to notice the influence and impact cinema was having on audiences. Political agendas began appearing in films to influence the public on political issues such as feminism, anti-feminism, or communism. As a result, audiences have been unaware and unconsciously persuaded into certain beliefs through entertainment. These issues have been subliminally presented to children because they can be easily influenced than adults. Authors and political groups have also openly admitted to hiding political issues in films and novels. Theodor Seuss Geisel, best known as Dr. Seuss openly admitted to hidden political agendas such as Horton Hears a Who, a political statement about democracy and isolationism. Throughout the years’ political agendas have been influencing entertainme nt and the media about real issues happening in the world. In 1988 TouchStone Pictures released Who framed Roger Rabbit. Though it is a family comedy some might find the film to be quite risquà ©. However, through the films comedy and brilliantly combining humans and animation into the film there lays a deeper message. Who Framed Roger Rabbit is set in 1947 Hollywood. During the 1940s there was an unrested conflict with an issue of racism infecting America and around the world. The Toons in the filmShow MoreRelatedThe Study of the Attachment by Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth2075 Words   |  9 PagesThe study of the Attachment by Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth The word love brings us many meanings. But how do we learn to love? Is it something that we born with, like kind of pre-programmed behaviour or is it a something that we learn during our development? 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Sex Discrimination at Walmart Essay - 1132 Words

Sex Discrimination at Wal-Mart OMM640 Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Dr.: David Britton May 14, 2012 Betty Dukes along with five other women filled a law suit against Wal-Mart Inc. in 2001 for discrimination against women, denying them their raises and also their promotions. Betty Dukes and the other women hope that they can stand for hundreds of thousands of other women who might have been similarly affected by this type of behavior when they were there also. Years later the ladies got the go ahead to represent 1.6 other women in the case seeking back wages and maybe even punitive damages from Wal-Mart. This is by far the biggest class action suit against such a huge company†¦show more content†¦Wal-Mart has maintained that they did not discriminate against Betty and the other women that filed claim against, but I believe that Wal-Mart knew exactly what was going on and just chose to ignore Betty when she was making her complaints. They began to take her seriously when she filed the suit. Some of the moral complaints the women were suing Wal-Mart for was for statistica l disparities such female workers were less likely to be paid the proper wages as the men; they were denied promotion in a timely fashion different to those of the men (Boatright, 2009, pg.199). There was a lot of bias involved with all of this; it even has a hint of gender stereotyping. I believe the moral complaints were justified because Betty made complaints to managers and higher up and because she did this they began to treat her differently and demoted her for not opening a cash register with a penny but for talking. When it came to promotions opportunities they were not made known, and those that she wanted they kept telling her they were filled and hired male counter parts that were not fit for the position. What made Wal-Mart managers determine what part of the store you worked was based on your gender and that was wrong, not because they were women meant they could not do what was needed. The women by far were more experienced than the men and the stayed longer on th e job also. It was shown based on the records of the trial and broughtShow MoreRelatedWomen Accuse Walmart Of Sex Discrimination863 Words   |  4 PagesWomen accuse Walmart of sex discrimination According to the BBC News, on 9 March 2011, it was reported that the world’s largest retailer, Walmart, was claimed to be the defendant in a case alleging that it discriminated against its women employees. This contexts rose in the USA when six women staff were concerned that they and other women staff were paid less and had few opportunities to gain promotion as a consequence of their gender, while Walmart claimed that they treated all employees equallyRead MoreSex Discrimination Law Suit Against Walmart861 Words   |  4 Pages In 2001 female employees at Walmart filed a class action sex discrimination law suit against Walmart stores in the district court of Columbia. The case talks about discrimination going on in the workplace a group of woman who were discriminated by their gender. Betty Dukes and five other woman were being discriminated they were under paid and denied advancement opportunities. The allegation were that the company’s policy resulted in worldwide discrimination. 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Moreover, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act further facilitate discriminatory treatment of employees based on their health status. The corporate wellness programs have been criticized by many due to its tendency to be moralistic and capricious. Many sociologists like, Peter Conrad, Howard M. Leichter argue that those programs despite of focusing on improving employee’s health statue, are more of a form of corporate control and give rise to discrimination basedRead MoreWomen s Rights Opportunity Commission1376 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Women should be seen and not heard.† This was told to a female employee at a Walmart in Franklin, Tennessee after she was denied a management position. She and other female workers were told that it was a man’s job therefore disqualifying them. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission began combating employment-related discrimination in the early 1960s through laws such as Title VII, which made sex discrimination illegal for employers. 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Sam Walton took what he learned from the JCPenny model and transformed it into something better. He was responsible for the social responsibility innovations of the â€Å"Buy American† plan and the â€Å"Environmental Awareness† campaign. These innovations display how CSR was displayed by Walmart. The â€Å"Buy American† planRead MoreDiscrimination : Women And Color Discrimination Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesGoodwin 4 Discrimination: Cassie Goodwin Race and color discrimination has dated back to biblical times. It has continued throughout history. Racism in schools have been the most current and frequently talked about discrimination in the last 100 years. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Oliver Brown. Brown v. Board of education was a landmark court case that changed discrimination in the education world. It stated, No state shall make or enforce any law which shall ... deny to any person

Critical Analysis 1 - 1154 Words

Christopher Sanchez BA 3103 Christopher Monos 9/23/13 Critical Analysis: Best Buy When Best Buy first opened it was an event that an electronics store could hold such a variety of products, have knowledgeable employees, and offer competitive prices at the same time. Although in 2012 it was reported that revenues for Best Buy increased, the company still fell victim to the problems of having a decrease in net income and operating cash flow. â€Å"The company reported revenues of (U.S. Dollars) USD 50,705.00 million during the fiscal year ended March 2012, an increase of 1.93% over 2011. The operating profit of the company was USD 1,085.00 million during the fiscal year 2012, a decrease of 54.30% from 2011. The net loss of the company was†¦show more content†¦An external factor that could be hurting Best Buy’s profit margin is the number of counterfeit products being traded globally. â€Å"According to the International Anti-Counterfeiting Coalition, about 7% of the world trade is in counterfeit goods. Since 1982, the g lobal trade in illegitimate goods has increased from $5.5 billion to about $600 billion annually (Strategic Analysis 4).† The United States is one of the areas greatly affected by the import of these counterfeit products. Unknowingly Best Buy could have had some counterfeit products enter into their store’s inventory. If a customer gets a counterfeit product, the analysis explains that consumer confidence levels drop and this could negatively impact Best Buy’s net income. One of the most important external factors hindering Best Buy’s performance is that they operate in a highly competitive market. We have seen similar technology companies (Circuit City); close their doors because competitors pushed them out of the market. Best Buy, being a global store, has to deal with competitors in markets that are â€Å"local regional, national, and international (Strategic Analysis 4).† When competition is spread out over different places over the world the difficult lies in tailoring specific products to the customers in a region. With Best Buy being a global company, their products doShow MoreRelatedSource Analysis Part 1 : Critical Summary Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesSource Analysis Part 1: Critical Summary The experience of virtual reality gives us the chance to explore worlds in which we have not seen. But what happens when your mind can’t tell what is virtual and what is real? Glenn F. Cartwright, a psychology professor at McGill University in Quebec, Canada, explores this topic in the article â€Å"Virtual or Real? The Mind in Cyberspace† which gives a psychologist’s perspective and fears that virtual reality will become a danger to consumers psyche. 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Australian Taxation The Appellant Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Australian Taxation Appellant. Answer: Case introduction: The appellant under the current case worked as a senior public servant within the Australian taxation office. The appellant had considered retirement but did not made any formal plans and took recreational leave followed by a period of long service leave. During this time, the task of the appellant was reallocated and the she thought that her role had been made redundant. In an email to the national director, she had formally bought forward the possibility of a voluntary redundancy (Woellner et al. 2016). The Australian taxation office did not agreed with the appellant that there was a redundancy however, the query in the later stages was revisited and approval was provided so that it make a formal offer of redundancy. The appellant was eventually dismissed. The fundamental constituent of the matter was that the appellant opposes that the tax appropriately payable as the part of her redundancy payment is nil however, the respondent commissioner contended that the proper tax that was payable stood $7825. The appellant argued that her termination payment constituted a genuine redundancy payment under section 83-175 of the ITAA 1997 and was a tax-free element (Morgan, Mortimer and Pinto 2016). Outline of the sections breached and explanation of the section breached: The primary judge recognised the question of law by stating that given an employee is terminated under section 29 (3) (a) of thePublic ServiceAct 1999 orcl97.1 of the Agency Agreement. Based on these grounds, as an employee the appellant is excess to the requirements of the Australian taxation office (Barkoczy et al. 2016). The appellant service could not be any more utilised nor does any payment made as the consequences of the termination falls under the expression of genuine redundancy payment under section83-175(1) of the ITA Act 1997. Critical discussion and analysis of the court/tribunal decision: The tribunal recounted the employment history of appellant with the Australian taxation office. Having done that the tribunal turned to consider the law by referring to the provision of section83-175(1) of the ITA Act 1997 and noted that the payment of genuine redundancy within the meaning of the provision was regarded as tax-free component in the hands of the former employee. The tribunal member later stated on being satisfied that the taxpayer was dismissed from the employment however critically recognised the question as whether the appellant was genuinely redundant (Robin, Barkoczy and Woellner 2016). The tribunal noticed that the letter from the assistant commissioner seemed to place the query beyond doubt since the correspondence had particularly mentioned to voluntary redundancy because the service of the taxpayer could not be any longer utilised. Nevertheless, the tribunal turned to take into the consideration of a submission made by the commissioner concerning the effect of clause 97 of the Agency Agreement. The tribunal found a distinction contained in the clause 97, which was highlighted in numerous authorities based on the issue including The Queen v The Industrial Commission of South Australia. The tribunal noticed that those authorities evidently makes it clear that redundancy occurs when an employer needs no more a job should be done by any person (Barkoczy 2016). The tribunal states that where a job effectively disappears should be eminent from the situation where the employer no more wants the job to be done by the employee in question. The tribunal later arrived to the ultimate dispositive conclusion of the appellant application by stating that the work in the current case has not been disappeared despite the change in the position number. A variety of functions under the area is yet to be performed by someone at the E.L 2.1 level. The tribunal follows by stating that the employees position is not redundant under this case even though the particular employee could not be any lon ger utilised in that role. Relevant legislative provision: As evident from the tribunals decision that the critical legislative provision under the current appeal is included in section 83-178 of the ITAA 1997. Section 83-170 defines the tax-free treatment of the genuine redundancy payments and early retirement scheme payments under the ITA Act (Vann 2016). Section 83-175 defines that a genuine redundancy payment as a payment that is received by the employee from the dismissal of their employment because the position of the employee is genuinely redundant and exceeds the amount that can be anticipated to be received by the employee as the result of voluntary termination from their employment during dismissal. Appellant questions of law: The history of the appellant defined above states that Ms Weeks possessed legal qualification and experience. In spite of the lawful background, it was apparent from the oral submission of the appellant that she did not seemed to be aware of the critical importance concerning the identification of the question of law for the purpose of the appeal under section 44 of the Agency Agreement Act. Such lack of awareness seems to have adversely created an impact on the drafting of the questions of law in Ms Weeks notice of appeal (Anderson, Dickfos and Brown 2016). The question of law that was set out in the appellant supplementary notice of appeal contained the following Whether the payment made by the statutory agency to an ongoing Australian public service officer regarding termination of employment under paragraph 29 (3) of the Public Service Act 1999 that the officer is excess to the requirements of the agency as the employment termination payment under section 83-175 of the ITAA 1997. Whether the clause 97.2 of the ATO agency agreement is unenforceable due to its inconsistency with clause 97.1 and is beyond the authority of public service act (Braithwaite and Braithwaite 2016). Whether the redundancy payment that is given to an ongoing APS officer concerning the termination of the officer employment under clause 97.1 of the agency agreement that the service of the officer cannot be any longer effectively used by the ATO under section 83-175 of the ITAA 1997 as the employee termination payment. Whether the statutory agency that has dismissed the employment of an ongoing APS officer was excess from the requirement of the agency (Tran and Walpole 2016). Whether the statutory agency is authorised to make payment to that officer from the consolidated revenue fund regarding termination where the statutory agency believes that the officer was not genuinely redundant. The grounds was reliant on the supplementary notice of appeal. The tribunal made a mistake in determining that the redundancy payment that was made to the applicant did not constituted genuine redundancy payment. The tribunal made a mistake in the law in which it failed in its duty of procedural justice by illustrating bias in favour of the respondent (Wickramasuriya 2016). The tribunal failed to take into the considerations the primary submissions where the appropriate approach of determining section 83-175 of the ITAA is applicable in the circumstances, which requires paying considerations to the noteworthy provision of the public service act. It omitted to mention the terms of the key important document, which was the respondents business case for making the applicant redundant (Long, Campbell and Kelshaw 2016). The document contented that the respondent made unfavourable allegations concerning the applicant despite the fact that these matters had never been bought forward by the applicant and were not relevant under the grounds for proposed redundancy. The tribunal had erred in the law by going behind the statutory notice in the public service Gazette regarding the termination of the applicants employment because the applicant was excess to the requirements of the agency (Roles 2013). The finding of the tribunal stated that the applicant was genuinely willing to return to her role or somewhat that was closely approached was so unreasonable that no sensible tribunal could have arrived at it since it amounted to the discovery that the applicant was not redundant. Referring to the case of Commissioner of Taxation v Glennan(1999) the court held that as the general rule there could be no error of law given that AAT fails to consider the issue of fact and law, which is not the subject of argument by the taxpayer. There shall be no error of law in order to constitute the question of law with the objective of section 44 of the AAT Act regarding an issue that was not bought forward for consideration by the tribunal (Butler and James 2016). Therefore, such issue does not forms the subject of determination by the tribunal. This is applicable with particular force concerning two of the four questions of law that was set out in the appellant notice of appeal. This is because Ms Weeks did not bought forward the issue in her second and fourth question of law in front of the tribunal. Those questions include the validity of clause 97.2 of the agency agreement due to its alleged inconformity with the clause 97.1 and for being beyond the authority of the Public Service Act 1997 (Demanuele 2014). The fourth question of law included whether the payment can be legally made out of the consolidated revenue concerning redundancy under section 29 (3) (a) of the Public Service Act 1999where the statutory agency did not regarded the officer was genuinely redundant. Since the appellant Ms Weeks did not bought forward the issue before the tribunal neither of the above stated question of law was considered by it. As a result, no opportunity arose for the tribunal to commit an error of law regarding either of them such that the appellant Ms Weeks could pursue an appeal under section 44 of the AAT Act. This leaves Ms Weeks with the first and third question of law. The problems associated with the two question of law is that they emphasis on the source of the authority to make redundancy payment to the appellant instead of the nature of redundancy for which the payment was made (Chapman, Howe and Ainsworth 2015). If an employee is dismissed under section 29 (3) (a) of the Public service act or clause 97.1 of the agency agreement act because of excess requirement to ATO the genuine redundancy payment will not fall within the expression of genuine redundancy payment under section 83-175 (1) of the ITAA 1997. The tribunal in its decision stated that in order to be considered payment as genuine redundancy payment under section 83-175 (1) of the ITAA the position f the employee should be made redundant. Notably, for the resolution of this appeal, the member of tribunal had correctly recognised the distinction where it emphasised the difference amid the circumstances where an employer does not anymore requires a job to be performed by any employee (Eccleston and Smith 2015). Thus, it reflects a situation where the employer does not anymore wants the job to be done by a particular person or employee. Having made such valid distinction the member of the tribunal noticed as a matter of fact that Ms Weeks redundancy into the latter category. Hence, the member of the tribunal has not made any error of law in his construction under section 83-175 (1) of the ITAA 1977 and the findings of this fact is not open to be reviewed in this appeal. Conclusion: To conclude with this case, the court had found that the appellant had failed to establish the tribunal had made an error in law or the judge had made an error in to find the tribunal had erred in law. In the reason for providing such decision, it was found that the important question for the present purpose is whether Ms Weeks was genuinely redundant. The above stated case law defines that redundancy takes place when an employer no more wants that a job to be done by any person. Where a work effectually vanishes should be distinguished from the situation where the employer not anymore wants the work to be done by the employee in question. The court in this case had discovered that the job has not disappeared even though the position number had changed. References Anderson, C., Dickfos, J. and Brown, C., 2016. The Australian Taxation Office-what role does it play in anti-phoenix activity?.INSOLVENCY LAW JOURNAL,24(2), pp.127-140. Barkoczy, S., 2016. Foundations of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue. Barkoczy, S., Nethercott, L., Devos, K. and Richardson, G., 2016.Foundations Student Tax Pack 3 2016. Oxford University Press Australia New Zealand. Braithwaite, V. and Braithwaite, J., 2016. Managing taxation compliance: The evolution of the ATO Compliance Model. Butler, D. and James, R., 2016. Superannuation: New $500,000 lifetime cap is bad law.Taxation in Australia,50(11), p.683. Chapman, A., Howe, J. and Ainsworth, S., 2015. Centre for Employment and Labour Relations Law The University of Melbourne. Demanuele, C., 2014. Age-old tax sting in redundancy payouts.Professional Planner, (66), p.24. Eccleston, R. and Smith, H., 2015. Fixing Funding in the Australian Federation: Issues and Options for State Tax Reform.Australian Journal of Public Administration,74(4), pp.435-447. Long, B., Campbell, J. and Kelshaw, C., 2016. The justice lens on taxation policy in Australia.St Mark's Review, (235), p.94. Morgan, A., Mortimer, C. and Pinto, D., 2016. A practical introduction to Australian taxation law 2016. Robin, Barkoczy and Woellner (Stephen Murphy, Shirley Et Al), 2016.Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press. Roles, C., 2013. Redundancy in the Australian public service-some critical reflections.Fed. L. Rev.,41, p.525. Tran-Nam, B. and Walpole, M., 2016. Tax disputes, litigation costs and access to tax justice.eJournal of Tax Research,14(2), p.319. Vann, R.J., 2016. Hybrid Entities in Australia: Resource Capital Fund III LP Case. Wickramasuriya, T., 2016. Tax counsel's report: The Tax Institute at the House Tax Committee.Taxation in Australia,50(11), p.651. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016. Australian Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue.